Positive Discipline

API Links

API, Ambassador for U.S. Alliance to End the Hitting of Children API is pleased to be an Ambassador with the U.S.	Some winning tips to connect and reconnect with children - at the holidays and all of the time Making time to share time and interests with your child refills the love-tank and lets you bounce back after struggles. Small moments in every day, every week, keep us connected.
Disrupting the Progression from Early Screen Use to Screen Addiction Monday, January 14 3:30 PM ET	The Latest Research on Disciplining Children Will Make You a Better Parent—and a Better Spouse "Conditions such as depression, anxiety, and attention deficit disorder stem from our inability to properly manage thoughts, emotions, and behavior.
The sweetness of Attachment Parenting Have you ever tried to explain to someone what attachment parenting is?	AP Research: Nurturing touch changes DNA, Spanking doesn't work, and more It's exciting to see how much research is constantly being churned out that shows just how beneficial Attachment Parenting is to healthy infant and child development!
Nature and Nurture Contribute Equally to Depression Risk “If you have a genetic risk for depression you would be wise to enhance certain elements of the child-rearing environment to protect against transmission of depression,” Luby said in a phone interview.	Navigating sibling squabbles Arguments between siblings are inevitable. The question many parents face, is how to best handle the situation?
Helping children process and heal from strong emotions My daughter, who’s on the verge of turning 3, recently had a brief scary moment where she couldn’t find me at the playground.	My Attachment Parenting support group made all the difference How important is it to find parents to give you support, encouragement, and advice in Attachment Parenting? This mom shares her experience after dealing with her child's public tantrum.

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Journal Studies

Linking Maternal Warmth and Responsiveness to Children's Self-Regulation von Suchodoletz, A., Trommsdorff, G., & Heikamp, T. (2011). Linking Maternal Warmth and Responsiveness to Children's Self-regulation. Social Development, 20(3), 486-503. While maternal warmth was predictive of better behavior regulation in the child overall, maternal responsiveness to child distress was specifically related to the child’s internalization of rules of conduct.	The Relation of Harsh and Permissive Discipline with Child Disruptive Behaviors: Does Child Gender Make a Difference in an At-Risk Sample? Parent, J., Forehand, R., Merchant, M. J., Edwards, M. C., Conners-Burrow, N. A., Long, N., & Jones, D. J. (2011). The Relation of Harsh and Permissive Discipline with Child Disruptive Behaviors: Does Child Gender Make a Difference in an At-Risk Sample?. Journal of Family Violence, 26(7), 527-533. Permissive parenting intensified boys’ behavioral problems, and harsh discipline was related to child behavioral problems regardless of gender, but parent education lessened child behavioral problems, particularly for girls.
Inhibitory Control and Harsh Discipline as Predictors of Externalizing Problems in Young Children: A Comparative Study of US, Chinese, and Japanese Preschoolers Olson, S. L., Tardif, T. Z., Miller, A., Felt, B., Grabell, A. S., Kessler, D., ... & Hirabayashi, H. (2011). Inhibitory Control and Harsh Discipline as Predictors of Externalizing Problems in Young Children: A Comparative Study of US, Chinese, and Japanese Preschoolers. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39(8), 1163-1175. Harsh discipline contributed to child behavior problems.	Parenting and Late Adolescent Emotional Adjustment: Mediating Effects of Discipline and Gender McKinney, C., Milone, M. C., & Renk, K. (2011). Parenting and late adolescent emotional adjustment: Mediating effects of discipline and gender. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 42(4), 463-481. Harsh discipline strategies were predictive of poor emotional adjustment in emerging adults, while positive discipline predicted healthy adjustment.
Parenting and Trajectories of Children's Maladaptive Behaviors: A 12-year Prospective Community Study Luyckx, K., Tildesley, E. A., Soenens, B., Andrews, J. A., Hampson, S. E., Peterson, M., & Duriez, B. (2011). Parenting and trajectories of children's maladaptive behaviors: A 12-year prospective community study. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 40(3), 468-478. Authoritative parenting—high on positive parenting and monitoring but low on inconsistent discipline—had the best long-term outcomes of all parenting styles.	Early Attachment Organization Moderates the Parent-Child Mutually Coercive Pathway to Children's Antisocial Conduct Kochanska, G., Barry, R. A., Stellern, S. A., & O’Bleness, J. J. (2009). Early attachment organization moderates the parent-child mutually coercive pathway to children’s antisocial conduct. Child Development, 80(4), 1288-1300. Insecurely attached children showed more resentful opposition toward their mothers than did those with secure attachments.
Do Effects of Early Child Care Extend to Age 15 Years? Results From the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development Vandell, D. L., Belsky, J., Burchinal, M., Steinberg, L., & Vandergrift, N. (2010). Do effects of early child care extend to age 15 Years? Results from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Child Development, 81(3), 737-756. While high-quality child care was predictive of greater pre-academic skills, children who spent more time in non-parental child care, especially in center-type care, tended to have more behavior problems that continued into adolescence.	Parenting Styles, Parental Response to Child Emotion, and Family Emotional Responsiveness are Related to Child Emotional Eating Topham, C. L., Hubbs-Tait, L., Rutledge, J. M., Page, M. C., Kennedy, T. S., Shriver, L. H., & Harrist, A. W. (2011). Parenting styles, parental response to child emotion, and family emotional responsiveness are related to child emotional eating. Appetite, 56(2), 261-264. Child emotional eating is correlated with minimizing and non-reasoning, punitive parental responses, which are in line with authoritarian and permissive parenting styles but not authoritative styles.